Description
Inclusion Criteria:
- 1. All races and ethnic backgrounds
- 2. Men and women, age 50-65 years
- 3. Generally healthy (see exclusion criteria)
- 4. Able and willing to provide informed consent
- 5. Ability to speak and read English
- 6. Post-menopausal women (no menses within the last 12 months)
- 7. Body mass index: 18.5-35 kg/m2 or BMI\>35 if thigh adiposity does not impair muscle biopsy
Exclusion Criteria:
- 1. Compromised musculoskeletal function that precludes safe participation or use of crutches
- 2. Pre-menopausal women
- 3. Hypogonadal men (testosterone \<300 ng/dL)
- 4. Women taking hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
- 5. Sarcopenia (European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People, EWGSOP102)
- 6. Clinically significant heart disease (e.g. New York Heart Classification greater than grade II; ischemia)
- 7. Peripheral vascular disease
- 8. History of claudication
- 9. Pulmonary disease
- 10. History of systemic or pulmonary embolus
- 11. Uncontrolled blood pressure (systolic BP\>170, diastolic BP\>95 mmHg)
- 12. Impaired renal function (creatinine \>1.5 mg/dl)
- 13. Anemia (hematocrit \<33)
- 14. Untreated thyroid disease (abnormal TSH)
- 15. A recent history (\<12 months) of GI bleed
- 16. Diabetes mellitus or other untreated endocrine or metabolic disease
- 17. Electrolyte abnormalities
- 18. Any history of stroke, hypo- or hyper-coagulation disorders
- 19. Employment requiring long (\>1 h) uninterrupted period of standing
- 20. Inability to meet study travel requirements (e.g. manual geared car)
- 21. Recent history of balance issues or falls.
- 22. Recent (3 years) treated cancer other than basal cell carcinoma
- 23. Systemic steroids, anabolic steroids, growth hormone or immunosuppressant use within 12 months
- 24. Recent (2 months) adherence to a weight-loss or weight-gain diet
- 25. Weight change of 5% or more in previous 6 months
- 26. Body mass index \>30 or excess body fat that compromises muscle biopsy collection
- 27. Acute infectious disease or chronic infection
- 28. Alcohol or drug abuse
- 29. Any other condition or event considered exclusionary by study physician
Ages Eligible for Study:
50 Years to 65 Years (ADULT, OLDER_ADULT)
Sexes Eligible for Study: ALL
Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
Yes