Inclusion Criteria:

• * diagnosis of primary invasive non-metastatic breast cancer, stages I-III
• * female based on biological sex
• * 40 to 80 years of age
• * completed breast cancer treatment 6 to 24 months prior to study enrollment. Adjuvant endocrine therapy for breast cancer (e.g., ovarian suppression, SERMs, SERDs, AIs), CDK4/6 inhibitors, PARP inhibitors, HER2 targeted agents, immunotherapy and bisphosphonates are allowed within 6 months prior to study enrollment and during study participation
• * absence of contraindications to exercise or study participation
• * study clinician approval

Exclusion Criteria:

• * do not meet inclusion criteria
• * receiving or scheduled to receive treatment for breast cancer (i.e., chemotherapy, surgery, or radiation) during study participation is not allowed. Adjuvant endocrine therapy, CDK4/6 inhibitors, PARP inhibitors, HER2 targeted agents, immunotherapy and bisphosphonates are allowed during study participation
• * lymphedema stage ≥ 2 prior to study enrolment
• * any relevant cardiovascular diseases (stroke, heart failure, myocardial ischemia during maximal graded exercise test, myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, coronary artery bypass surgery or angioplasty or coronary stent)
• * current participation in other experimental interventions that may confound interpretation of study findings (e.g., dietary intervention for weight loss)
• * consistent participation in ≥150 min/week of moderate-intensity rowing exercise training in previous 6 months