Inclusion Criteria:

• 1. Patients undergoing investigation or treatment for thoracic cancers with oncogene-targeted therapies
• 2. Aged 18 years or older
• 3. Either a) have suspected tumor progression or other condition that dictates a standard-of-care palliative, therapeutic, or diagnostic intervention including but not limited to procedures such as bronchoscopic biopsy, computed tomography (CT) or ultra-sound (US)-guided biopsy, thoracentesis, video assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) pleurodesis, lobectomy, adrenalectomy or pleural catheter placement, providing tumor specimen appropriate molecular analysis or b) have previously had biopsy/surgical intervention with tumor tissue at University of Colorado or an outside institution available for medullar analysis.
• 4. Patients must have the ability to understand and willingness to sign an informed consent document.

Exclusion Criteria:

• -