Inclusion Criteria:

Inclusion Criteria:

• * Men and women age 18 years or above.
• * Elevated TMAO metabolizers (\>5 µM) based on screening test and/or eGFR \< 60 at most recent measurement.
• * Willing to remain on aspirin or able to be off aspirin or aspirin products for 1 week prior to starting the study and staying on the same aspirin regimen during the duration of the study.
• * Willing to sign the consent form and follow the study protocol, which includes a 12-week dietary modification.

Inclusion Criteria:

• * Men and women age 18 years or above.
• * Willing to remain on aspirin or able to be off aspirin or aspirin products for 1 week prior to starting the study and staying on the same aspirin regimen during the duration of the study.
• * Willing to sign the consent form and follow the study protocol.
• * eGFR values ranging from 16-59

Inclusion Criteria:

• * Men and women age 18 years or above.
• * Willing to remain on aspirin or able to be off aspirin or aspirin products for 1 week prior to starting the study and staying on the same aspirin regimen during the duration of the study.
• * Willing to sign the consent form and follow the study protocol.
• Exclusion Criteria (all cohorts):
• * Significant chronic illness or end-organ dysfunction, including known history of uncompensated heart failure, renal failure, pulmonary disease, hematologic diseases.
• * Active infection or received antibiotics within 2 months of study enrollment
• * Use of over-the-counter probiotic within past month, or ingestion of yogurt within past 7 days
• * Having undergone bariatric procedures or surgeries such as gastric banding or bypass.
• * Pregnancy.
• * Any condition which, in the judgment of the Investigator, would place a patient at undue risk by being enrolled in the trial, or cause inability to comply with the trial