Description
Inclusion Criteria:
- * Male or female Veterans age 18 years or older. There will be no upper age limit.
- * The presence of CKD stages 1, 2, or 3, as defined below by Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes guidelines, for a period of at least 3 months.
- * Stage 1: eGFR 90 mL/min/1.73 m2 and spot urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio 30 mg/g.
- * Stage 2: eGFR 60-89 mL/min/1.73 m2 and spot urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio 30 mg/g.
- * Stage 3: eGFR 30-59 mL/min/1.73 m2.
- * Measured blood pressure either \>140 mmHg systolic or \>90 mmHg diastolic at the two most recent clinic visits.
- * Able to understand and sign informed consent after the nature of the study has been fully explained.
Exclusion Criteria:
- * Unable to understand or provide informed consent.
- * Unwilling or unable to participate in the protocol or comply with any of its components.
- * CKD stages 4-5, defined as eGFR \<30 mL/min/1.73 m2.
- * Receiving chronic hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis.
- * Recipient of a kidney transplant.
- * Serum potassium \<3.5 mEq/L at baseline.
- * Known left ventricular ejection fraction \<40% on visual estimate based on chart review of available echocardiogram data.
- * Known hepatic cirrhosis.
- * Major limb amputation.
- * Known pregnancy.
- * Presence of a pacemaker or defibrillator.
Ages Eligible for Study:
18 Years to N/A (ADULT, OLDER_ADULT)
Sexes Eligible for Study: ALL
Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
No